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Sodium nitrite: EFSA 2017 (EFSA J 15(6):4786) found nitrite itself non-genotoxic in vivo, with negative carcinogenicity findings; ADI 0.07 mg nitrite ion/kg bw/day based on methaemoglobin; endogenous nitrosamine MoE>10,000 (low concern) at additive levels; ADI exceeded in children at high exposure. The colorectal cancer risk associated with processed meat (IARC Group 1, Monographs Vol 114) concerns processed meat as a whole, not this additive alone.

Triphosphates: synthetic stabilizer, emulsifier and acidity regulator; excess dietary phosphate linked to kidney stress and cardiovascular risk (EFSA 2019)

Cochineal, carminic acid and carmines: a red colour extracted from dried female cochineal insects (Dactylopius coccus), so it is not suitable for vegetarians or vegans. EFSA's 2015 re-evaluation kept the acceptable daily intake at 5 mg carmines (2.5 mg carminic acid) per kg bw/day and found no genotoxicity or carcinogenicity concern. It can cause allergic reactions in sensitive people, rarely anaphylaxis; EFSA could not set a safe threshold for these and recommended purifying the colour to remove residual insect proteins.