СИР ПЛАВЛЕНИЙ «ВЕРШКОВИЙ» 45 % ЖИРУ У СУХІЙ РЕЧОВИНІ

Carrageenan: seaweed-derived thickener and stabiliser. EFSA (2018) found no safety concern at typical adult intake; the open question concerns degraded carrageenan and possible gut inflammation, with the main caution directed at infant formula.

Polyphosphates: synthetic stabilizer, emulsifier and acidity regulator; excess dietary phosphate linked to kidney stress and cardiovascular risk (EFSA 2019)

Citric acid: an acid found naturally in citrus fruits and formed in the body's own energy metabolism (the citric acid cycle); the additive is made by fermenting sugars with the mould Aspergillus niger. It adds sourness, regulates acidity and helps antioxidants work by binding metals. JECFA set no limit on its acceptable daily intake (ADI not limited), and the EU authorises it in most foods with no fixed maximum level (quantum satis).

Xanthan gum: a thickener and stabiliser made by fermenting sugars with the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. EFSA's 2017 re-evaluation found no need for a numerical acceptable daily intake and no safety concern for the general population; it is not absorbed intact and is fermented by gut bacteria. Large amounts (10–15 g a day in human studies) act as a bulk laxative and can cause flatulence or abdominal discomfort, which EFSA judged undesirable but not adverse.