Цукерки желейні черв'ячки Ravazzi

Asthma, anaphylaxis, hives; banned in US, Australia

Citric acid: an acid found naturally in citrus fruits and formed in the body's own energy metabolism (the citric acid cycle); the additive is made by fermenting sugars with the mould Aspergillus niger. It adds sourness, regulates acidity and helps antioxidants work by binding metals. JECFA set no limit on its acceptable daily intake (ADI not limited), and the EU authorises it in most foods with no fixed maximum level (quantum satis).

Cochineal, carminic acid and carmines: a red colour extracted from dried female cochineal insects (Dactylopius coccus), so it is not suitable for vegetarians or vegans. EFSA's 2015 re-evaluation kept the acceptable daily intake at 5 mg carmines (2.5 mg carminic acid) per kg bw/day and found no genotoxicity or carcinogenicity concern. It can cause allergic reactions in sensitive people, rarely anaphylaxis; EFSA could not set a safe threshold for these and recommended purifying the colour to remove residual insect proteins.